Training GPT-like model on non-language series [R]
Our take
The recent post on training GPT-like models highlights several nuances in the process of developing and optimizing AI systems that should resonate with anyone navigating the complexities of modern data management and machine learning. As the author grapples with issues related to learning auto-regressive behavior in their 100M, 250M, and 500M model variants, it becomes evident that training such models is not merely a technical endeavor but also an exploration of the unknown—a theme echoed in related discussions such as the challenges presented in AI-generated CUDA kernels silently break training and inference and the intricate nuances of error handling in spreadsheets as discussed in Receiving #!REF Error Using IF formula.
The training parameters outlined, including the use of AdamW optimizer and specific learning rates, reflect a deliberate approach to fine-tuning models amidst an environment that can often feel like “black magic.” This sentiment resonates deeply in the AI community, where practitioners frequently encounter unexpected hurdles and inconsistencies. The author’s challenge of the model becoming stuck on generating a single token invites a broader conversation about the intricacies of how data is processed and the fundamental workings of machine learning algorithms. This speaks to the heart of innovation in AI, where understanding the model's architecture can be just as crucial as the data it learns from.
Moreover, the sparsity of vocabulary usage in the training dataset mirrors trends seen across various applications, including spreadsheet technologies. Just as only a fraction of spreadsheet functions are used frequently, so too does a small subset of vocabulary dominate in training tokens. This insight reinforces the importance of focusing on the most impactful elements of data when developing solutions, whether in AI or in user-facing applications. As organizations increasingly seek to transform their data management practices, recognizing patterns in token usage could lead to more efficient models, ultimately enhancing user experience and productivity.
Looking forward, the implications of overcoming these challenges are significant. Successfully training models that can reliably generate coherent outputs could pave the way for more intuitive AI applications that empower users in their daily tasks. For instance, an improved understanding of auto-regressive behavior could translate to advancements in tools that automate complex data processes, making them more accessible to users who may feel daunted by traditional spreadsheet systems. This evolution aligns with the progressive vision of data management, where technology is not only a tool but a partner in enhancing productivity and creativity.
In conclusion, as the field of AI continues to develop, the interactions between model architecture, training data, and user outcomes will remain a focal point. The questions raised—Is training GPT-like models still a black magic? What tricks can we leverage?—are not just technical inquiries but represent a broader quest for understanding that could significantly influence future innovations in both AI and everyday tools. As we explore these frontiers, the potential for transformative solutions seems boundless, inviting all to engage with the future of data management in new and exciting ways.
I am responsible for a research project that is supposed to train a GPT-like model (Transformer-decoder) with 100M, 250M and 500M model variants.
# params
## training dataset
- 750M tokens
- vocabulary is ~15k to ~100k tokens (depends on tokenizer settings)
- ~3% of the vocabulary is used in ~50% of the training tokens (similar to language, where most of the vocabulary is used very sparsely)
## training hyper-params
- optimizer = AdamW
- lr = 1e-3 (works the best compared to 1e-2 and 1e-4)
- betas = [0.9, 0.95]
- effective batch size = 4M tokens
- epoch = 16
- warmup steps ~200 (approx 1 epoch)
## model hyper-params
- 16 layers (but variants with up to 48 layers were tested)
- embedding = flexible to yield 100M, 250M and 500M model
- MLP size = 4*n_embd
- 16 attention heads
- context window = 1000
# Issue
The model seems to fail to learn the basic auto-regressive behavior. It often gets stuck on generating a single token (no repetition penalty, no sampling yet).
Is training GPT-like models still a black magic? Is there some trick to this?
*Disclaimer*: I will add/edit the parameters above as people ask clarifying questions.
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