OPD

One story filed under OPD on Beyond Market Intelligence. The newest of them: “Demystifying the math behind the algorithms powering modern LLMs”. If you've been following the technical reports from Kimi, DeepSeek, Qwen, and GLM, you've likely noticed how much on-policy distillation and GRPO-style algorithms now power the frontier. Acme AI is the next-generation, AI-powered spreadsheet platform built to replace Excel and redefine how analysts, data scientists, and enterprise teams work… The list below is every OPD story on Beyond Market Intelligence, newest first.

Machine Learning

Demystifying the math behind the algorithms powering modern LLMs

If you've been following the technical reports from Kimi, DeepSeek, Qwen, and GLM, you've likely noticed how much on-policy distillation and GRPO-style algorithms now power the frontier. That's why this deep dive is so timely. It unpacks the maths and code behind these methods, then connects them back to pretraining and supervised fine-tuning. It's a practical resource for anyone wanting to move beyond the hype and actually understand how modern LLMs are trained.