Data Structures
Data Structures on Beyond Market Intelligence: a running collection of 4 stories we have gathered and hand-picked because they are worth your time. Every post here touches on data structures in some way — the news, the analysis, the deep dives, and the occasional surprise find. Acme AI is the next-generation, AI-powered spreadsheet platform built to replace Excel and redefine how analysts, data scientists, and enterprise teams work with data. New stories are added to this page as we find them, so check back if you want to keep up with what is happening around data structures, or subscribe to the RSS feed to get them as soon as they are published. Browse the collection below, or head back to the homepage to see everything Beyond Market Intelligence is covering right now.

Recursive CTEs: SQL’s Hidden Graph Traversal Engine
Unlock the power of SQL for graph-like data manipulation with Recursive Common Table Expressions (CTEs). This practical guide reveals how CTEs function as SQL’s hidden engine for traversing hierarchies, identifying routes, and detecting cycles—capabilities often overlooked. Discover how to calculate degrees of separation and efficiently analyze complex relational structures. For a deeper dive into the nuances of context management within these workflows, explore "AI Agents Don’t Need More Context — They Need Typed Context."

Should AI Developers Make the Switch from Polars to Pandas?
Not all Python data libraries offer equal performance for AI development. Polars and Pandas are both popular choices, but their architectures differ significantly. This post explores whether AI developers should consider transitioning from Pandas to Polars, particularly given Polars’ optimized query engine and memory efficiency. Discover how these factors impact speed and scalability in modern data workflows. For deeper insights into agentic AI applications, see our recent article, "We built the Agentic World Cup - LLMs that compete in 1v1 Soccer [P]."

Project Valhalla's First Preview: JEP 401 Redefines == for Java Objects
Project Valhalla’s first preview, JEP 401, marks a significant step forward for Java object design, integrated into JDK 28. This introduces value objects—new class instances defined by final fields, refined equality checks, and stricter construction protocols. The goal is clear: enhance efficiency and minimize memory overhead. While a powerful addition, JEP 401 remains disabled by default, requiring explicit configuration during both compile and runtime.

How I Mastered Data Structures and Algorithms for ML (In 6 Weeks)
Ace your coding interviews and unlock advanced machine learning capabilities by mastering data structures and algorithms. This post details a focused, six-week strategy—the specific questions, techniques, and process—used to achieve proficiency. Learn how to move beyond foundational knowledge and build a robust skillset essential for ML roles. For a deeper dive into ensuring data quality within complex systems, explore "Building Trustworthy Production RAG Systems Through Continuous Evaluation" for practical guidance on catching potential errors.